One of the factors that determined and predetermined basis, content and focus of the theory of "human relations", it was ideology E. Mayo, quite critical of the organization as to the level of industrial activity, its theoretical interpretations and throughout Western society.
In the opinion of Mayo, in modern industrial society are destructive processes of separation of people and the disintegration of human personality. These processes, he believed, to a large extent conditioned by the consequences of the division of labor and bureaucratic form of different levels of management. In criticizing the capitalist hierarchy, Mayo noted a significant spread in the society "anomie" and excluded based organizations, economic and administrative authority and conflict between their elements.
Hawthorne experiments unambiguously confirmed the submission of many Mayo and strengthened his confidence in the correctness of the initial orientations. These experiments clearly showed the kind of special role played by social, psychological and moral factors in enhancing productivity. In particular, among these factors, Mayo and his colleagues have identified the relationship between the laborers and their relationship with the administration, satisfaction with the nature of work and its results, the possibility of workers to meet their legitimate desire, confidence and goodwill of people, a sense of comradeship and mutual assistance, administrative style leadership, employee participation in the general affairs, stability and prestige of their position, etc.
In general, the experimental results showed the crucial role of human factors in enhancing productivity. For this reason, E. Mayo and his colleagues concluded that the crucial production efficiency is the relationship of employees, team spirit and unity of the real level of labor collectives.
While acknowledging the wake of Emile Durkheim as a basic condition of balance and survival of society direct psychological community of people in the group (primarily labor), Mayo set the task of overcoming the irrational and inept use of the achievements of industrial civilization. As the means he proposed to establish human relations in the workforce and society at large. |