Attaching special importance is not the past and the present and the future of personality, Allport sought to show that the essence of personality is largely characterized by its desire to overcome the lower levels and principles of existence and the constant search for new tensions, interests and meaningful goals, acting as a source of continuous development of personality.
Interpreting the continuous development of personality, primarily as a result of changes in its various motives and interests, Allport has formulated the concept of "traytov." Under the concept of Allport, trayt are the primary motivation of human behavior and in their totality serve as a mechanism for personal development.
By Allport, for a man characterized by the presence of two related types traytov: main (catalytic behavior of the individual) and instrumental (formative factors of an individual's behavior). In this case Allport believed that the interaction of various traytov generates new trayty, manifested primarily as motives and interests.
Thus, according to the concept of Allport, a certain portion traytov person receives at birth, the other gets in the active life. According to Allport, in a dynamic hierarchy traytov can distinguish the main trayty (acting as a relatively constant value and is a kind of "center" of the individual) and secondary trayty (variables, variable features, which play a much smaller role in the organization of an individual's behavior). In this case Allport argued that under certain conditions, one develops the dominant trayt acting as a leading factor of an individual's behavior and its main features.
An essential element of the theoretical work of Allport was his work on the identification of essential and typical signs of mental health and illness.
In general, the theory of personality Allport clearly highlights the main features characteristic of healthy and neurotic individuals. Healthy individual is characterized by: 1) an active position in relation to reality, and 2) the availability of conscious experience (i.e., the ability to see the events as they are, without resorting to "psychological defense"), and 3) self-knowledge, and 4) an ongoing process of individualization 5) the ability to abstract, and 6) the functional autonomy of the devil, and 7) tolerance for frustrations.
Unhealthy for the individual is characterized by: 1) a passive attitude toward the world and 2) any kind of "protection" (repression, sublimation, projection, displacement), and 3) distortion of the true state of affairs, and 4) the limited thinking, and 5) abortion. Enough for measuring the characteristics of data is permissible to consider one of the positive achievements of the theory and practice of psychotherapy Allport. |